N. Korea Nukes Test: U.N. imposes military, economic sanctions         
'Pakistan Times' Monitoring Desk

UNITED NATIONS: The UN Security Council has voted unanimously in favour of a resolution imposing sanctions on North Korea over its claimed nuclear test.

Resolution 1718 includes a ban on imports on many military items and imposes financial sanctions, but is not backed by the threat of military force.

North Korea's U.N. ambassador said Pyongyang "totally rejects" the resolution.

The vote came after the United States, Britain and France overcame last-minute differences with Russia and China during what Russia's U.N. ambassador called "tense negotiations."

The resolution demands North Korea eliminate all its nuclear weapons, but expressly rules out military action against the country _ a demand by the Russians and Chinese.

But U.S. Ambassador John Bolton warned Pyongyang that if it continues pursuing nuclear weapons, the United States would return to the council and seek further measures.

The resolution bans the import or export of material and equipment that could be used to make nuclear weapons or ballistic missiles. It orders all countries to freeze the assets and ban travel for anyone engaged in supporting North Korea's weapons programs.

To meet Russian and Chinese concerns, the Americans eliminated a complete ban on the sale of conventional weapons. Instead, the resolution limits the embargo to major hardware such as tanks, warships, combat aircraft and missiles.

The resolution calls on all countries to inspect cargo leaving and arriving in North Korea to prevent any illegal trafficking in weapons of mass destruction or ballistic missiles.

The final draft was softened from language saying the council "decides", which is a stronger authorization.

But China's U.N. Ambassador Wang Guangya said after the vote that the provision allowing the boarding of ships to inspect cargo was still unacceptable to Beijing.

Before the vote, British UN envoy Sir Emyr Jones Parry described the agreed text as a "very, very robust response".

US Ambassador to the UN John Bolton told reporters the US was "very pleased" that the text of the resolution had been agreed.

China's UN envoy Wang Guangya described the resolution as a "strong, forceful, appropriate response".

Negotiators have struggled to agree a resolution text acceptable to China and Russia, both permanent Security Council members with strong ties to North Korea.

Earlier Report

An earlier report says, amid fresh objections by Russia and China, a vote on a U.N. Security Council resolution imposing punishing sanctions on North Korea for its claimed nuclear test is likely to get delayed.

U.S. Ambassador John Bolton said the changes sought by Moscow and Beijing were essentially technical in nature and a vote may still be possible tonight.

The five permanent council members — the U.S., Russia, China, Britain and France — and Japan were to meet in the morning before the full 15-member council convenes to discuss the changes.

"I'm still ready to go for a vote, and we'll just have to see what the instructions are overnight, in particular from Moscow and China," Bolton said late Friday.

The latest draft demands North Korea eliminate all its nuclear weapons but expressly rules out military action against the country, a demand by the Russians and Chinese.

The Americans also eliminated a complete ban on the sale of conventional weapons; instead, the draft limits the embargo to major hardware such as tanks, warships, combat aircraft and missiles.

But the resolution would still ban the import or export of material and equipment that could be used to make nuclear weapons or ballistic missiles, and would authorize all countries to inspect cargo leaving and arriving in North Korea to prevent any illegal trafficking.

In another key change to gain Chinese and Russian support, the resolution now says local authorities will cooperate in the inspection process, which covers shipments by land, air and sea.

Both China and Russia share borders with North Korea and are uncomfortable with the possibility of the U.S. inderdicting ships near their coasts. Bolton said he expected most actions would be performed at ports.

The accord came as U.S. officials said Friday that an air sampling after North Korea's claimed nuclear test detected radioactive debris consistent with an atomic explosion. However, the Bush administration and congressional officials said no final determination had been made about the nature of Monday's mystery-shrouded blast.

Results from Test

Results from another test disclosed Friday — an initial air sampling on Tuesday — showed no evidence of radioactive particles that would be expected from a successful nuclear detonation, a U.S. government intelligence official said.

South Korea and Japan have also been monitoring their environment for signs of a nuclear test. Both said they had found no unusual levels of radiation as of Saturday.

"Until we reach a final conclusion that North Korea's nuclear test was indeed genuine, we should be open to various and comprehensive judgments," South Korea's presidential spokesman Yoon Tae-young said.

Global Efforts

The U.S. and other nations trying to persuade the North to give up its atomic program continued a flurry of high-level diplomatic visits. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice planned a trip next week to Asia; Russia sent an envoy to Pyongyang; and the presidents of China and South Korea — the North's main sources of trade and aid — met in Beijing to discuss the proposed resolution.

Rice's trip is meant to present a unified front to North Korea, which will be looking for any cracks in the diplomatic coalition behind the U.N. statement.
The U.S.-sponsored draft would declare the claimed test had increased tension in northeast Asia, creating "a clear threat to international peace and security."

It would declare the act in "flagrant disregard" of the council's appeal not to detonate a nuclear device, demand that North Korea not conduct any further test or launch any more ballistic missiles, and authorize a range of economic and diplomatic sanctions.

The draft would freeze the financial assets of and impose a travel ban on individuals and entities with any connection to North Korea's weapons or missile programs. It would also ban countries from selling luxury goods to North Korea.

Asked why, Bolton said, "I think the North Korean population has been losing average height and weight over the years and maybe this will be a little diet for Kim Jong Il," North Korea's leader.

Chinese Ambassador Wang Guangya questioned how the can would be defined, saying: "I don't know what luxury goods means, because luxury goods can mean many things for different people ... if they don't have it."

The latest draft resolution still invokes Chapter 7 of the U.N. Charter, which the U.S. views as a necessary because it makes economic and diplomatic sanctions mandatory.

Perspective

China and Russia normally object to the Chapter 7 provision because it carries the possibility of military enforcement. The Bush administration used the same provision to justify its invasion of Iraq, and Moscow and Beijing worry the U.S. might do the same eventually with North Korea — even though President Bush has said the U.S. has no plans to attack.

But in a compromise also used in July to unanimously vote on a resolution condemning North Korean missile launches, the text added mention of Article 41 of the chapter, which permits only "means not involving the use of military force."

The resolution would rely on all countries to implement the sanctions, but it would create a committee comprising all 15 Security Council nations to monitor enforcement and report any violations to the council.

Rice's Trip

Rice's trip to China, South Korea and Japan is the next step in the U.S. diplomatic offensive at the United Nations and with Pyongyang's neighbors.

State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said "she's going to be talking about the passage of that resolution certainly, but really what comes after."

A Russian nuclear envoy who visited North Korea said Saturday he pressed the North to return to six-nation nuclear disarmament talks. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Alexeyev said he had a "very useful" meeting Friday with Kim Gye Gwan, the North's nuclear negotiator, but did not say how Kim responded. Alexeyev spoke on his arrival in Beijing from Pyongyang, North Korea's capital.

Pyongyang has boycotted the six-nation talks for the past 13 months to protest financial measures imposed by Washington for alleged counterfeiting and money-laundering.

Earlier a Russian news agency quoted Alexeyev as saying North Korea favors the implementation of a year-old agreement to abandon its nuclear programs in exchange for aid and security guarantees.

The report apparently referred to an agreement reached in September 2005 at the talks involving the two Koreas, the U.S., China, Russia and Japan.

If the Russian report is confirmed, it could signify a major breakthrough in efforts to curb North Korea's nuclear ambitions.●